Posted on 13th Oct 2024 05:34:31 AM Human Resource Development, Population Science
INTRODUCTION
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a generally constituted organization created by natural i.e. a real human being or legal person (may allow one or more natural persons to act as a single entity for legal purpose) that operates independently from any form of government. Which media is the simply mean of communication such as radio, television, newspaper, and magazines etc that reach or influence people widely? The main functions those NGO’s serve are-
a) Promote the interest of the poor;
b) Protect the environment;
c) Provide the basic social services;
d) To relieve suffering and
e) Undertake community development,
While the function of media are-
a) Inform (could be treat as a teacher function);
b) Surveillance (a watcher function);
c) Service the economic system;
d) Hold society together (that act as sort of cultural glue);
e) Entertain;
f) Act as a community forum;
g) Set the agenda and
h) Service the political system.
In a very narrow sense we can say that NGO’s play a major role in development socio-economic and media create or promote awareness about NGO activity.
There is a notion that the NGO-media relationship is often warm because media in general are on the side of many NGOs (O’Sullivan, 2003). Some view media relations as the center of the practice of public relations (Taylor, 2000). Media not only can expose the efforts of NGOs, but also can enhance the legitimacy. So the relation of an NGO or any organization with the media needs to be ongoing on the basis of information, while also recognizing the need of news media (Hopkins, 2003). Consequently, many consider as an essential element of media relations the development of personal relationships with reporters and “the information gatekeepers” editors and producers (Malan, 2005). NGOs depend on media coverage because it can increase the public’s awareness about an organization, lead to a better understanding of the group's mission, and help gain public support for its activities (International Code Council, 2005). Referring to a study on non-profit organizations’ media relations by Rouner and Camden, Taylor (2000:6) mentions that not-for-profit NGOs “lack the expertise and sophistication” in media relations efforts. Similarly, journalists’ low level of professionalism often constrains the relationship between NGOs and media (Report: NGO Needs Assessment, 2002). On the other hand, training, personal experiences, social systems, and objectives of journalists influence the selection and processing of information (Taylor, 2000). In discussing the NGO-media relationship, it is important to consider what interests news media. Many say that tension and conflict interest media, and that media like numbers and lists. In this context, formatting messages to gain media attention is an important consideration (Weidman, 2003). Because media are market-driven, they are concerned about audience interest to sell their stories or programs. NGOs perceive news media as preferring negative stories (Malan, 2005; Schenkler & Herrling, 2004). When providing content and information, NGOs need to consider not only the interests of journalists but also those of their audience (Diouf, 2001). Media have a stronger influence on economic and political outcomes when they work with other institutions, such as NGOs. Media in Bangladesh have supported NGOs in strengthening human rights and campaigning against gender discrimination, religious extremism, and violence against women (Anam, 2002). Consequently, a regional workshop on gender and disasters in Pakistan in 1996 emphasized the need for NGOs to develop interactive partnerships with media and bridge the difference in perception between the two (During Nivaran, 1996). At the same time, some development organizations maintain a patronizing attitude towards journalists and think that they can tell journalists how to cover a story (West, 2005).
In short, an NGO's relationship with media mostly lies in its ability to ensure journalists’ access to reliable information (Malan, 2005). Reporters want organizations to be “open” and “committed to being the first and best source of information” (Heath & Combs, 2006). Media advocacy is important for developmental NGOs because they are generally eager to spur community involvement in social change or development. Given the media's important role in shaping public opinion and awareness, advocates of any development program must rely on the media to disseminate their messages (Rubin, 2000). Media advocacy is the term for the strategic use of mass media to advance social or public policy initiatives. It uses a range of media and other advocacy strategies to define the problem and stimulate broad-based coverage (Wallack, 2005).
I would like to explain a bit about the development of our beloved country Bangladesh since I have set research objectives to cover the grass root people of Bangladesh while the detail discussion will be made in chapter two. I feel, it’s my duty to explore my country to the readers outside my country if they can reach to my work.
Bangladesh became independence in 1971, through a bloody liberation war to escape the rule of what was then West Pakistan. The catastrophic cyclone of 1970 and the ravaging liberation war in 1971 caused the NGOs and foreign aid donors to scale up their developmental efforts significantly. Leading NGOs such as the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Proshika, and Grameen Bank started their activities in the early or mid-1970s (Lewis, 1993).
Recently, Bangladesh has become home to one of the largest southern-based development NGOs (SNGOs1) group that is playing a very important role in the socioeconomic development of the country. Over the last fifteen years the growth of NGOs, particularly local, has been intense. The country probably has more NGOs than any other country of the same size in the world (Lewis 1993).
Though approximately 58,000 NGOs are registered with the Ministry of Social Affairs, the vast majority of these NGOs are not active (Daily Prothom Alo, April 7, 2011). In order to receive foreign funds, an NGO has to be registered with the Bangladesh government under the voluntary social welfare agency ordinance 1961 and foreign donation (voluntary activities) regulation ordinance of 1978.
This well established interaction between NGOs and media has become one of the complementary and common interests now a day. The aim of research work is to observe and explain a contemporary NGO-Media interactive issue from different viewpoints. In order to do so, I would like-
a) To see the socio-economic profile of the respondent
b) To find out the respondent’s opinion about Professor Dr. Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank.
c) To assess the interaction between media and public opinion.
Since Dr. Yunus and Gameen Bank incident was one of the most discussed event in Bangladeshi media. It was and is an impotent event in the world media too. Enormous debt has been made on this event in both print and electronic media. Different NGO and civil society persons has made a lots of comments and discussions and we have observed those discussion through our media. However, as I observed, the media has not try to present the opinion of our grass root peoples those are directly related to the Grameen Bank. This study is mainly designed to focus the opinions of the grass root peoples those are directly related to the Grameen Bank.
In Chapter-Two, I have explained detail about NGO’s that is their developments, functions and objectives with their classification .And then detail about media and its development and objectives.
In Chapter- Three, I have explained the respondents socio-economic, demographic and awareness related characteristics, their frequencies, graphical representation of the respondents.
In Chapter-Four, I have represented the analysis (contingency and logistic regression) of the dependent and independent variables and show which variables are significant.
In Chapter-Five, It is shown that how media coverage the public opinion, papers headlines and the public opinion.
In Chapter-Six, I have given the major findings, conclusions and recommendations of my research study.
This chapter, I have reviewed all the contemporary works I have experienced. Those contemporary works motivated me to set my research objectives in this regards. In this chapter I also explained.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to examine the overage of the grass-root people’s opinion to our print media, specially the daily newspapers, in the context of NGO-media interaction in Bangladesh. I conduct a sample survey simple random sampling to collect the grass-root people’s opinion about particular contemporary event and compare with the coverage with media coverage at that time. To do so, investigate the relationship among 300 respondents with their socio-economic condition, demographic, awareness-opinion related characteristics with statistical significance.
In this study univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used for the investigation. I seek the relationship of the print media-NGO interaction and public opinions and finds that newspapers do not cover the news of the really affected peoples in rural areas of Bangladesh. Biswas (2007) observed that NGO’s nature of communication with news media, the commercial orientation and agenda-setting role of media, corruption in journalistic and NGO practices, personal relationships, and journalists' lack of knowledge about development issues, which influences both the NGO-media interaction and the nature of coverage of developmental issues. This paper tries to suggest both journalists and editors of the newspaper to be more sincere so that they can cover the news of the Grass-roots people who are directly affected by any incidence.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 : RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE
2.1 NGO, Its Development and Maintenance
2.2 NGO in Bangladesh
2.2.1 Grameen Bank
2.2.2 Objectives of the Grameen Bank.
2.2.3 Grameen Bank Awards
2.3 Media in Bangladesh
2.4 Selection of the Project Title
2.5 Selection of the Study Area
2.6 Sampling Design and Sampling Unit
2.7 Preparation of the Questionnaire
2.8 Data Collection Method
2.9 Time of Data Collection
2.10 Data Processing and Analysis
2.11 Problem Faced in Data Collection
2.12 Limitations of the Study
2.13 Methodology of the Statistical Analysis
2.14 Univariate Distribution and Frequency Analysis
2.15 Bi-Variate Distribution
CHAPTER 3 : BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY POPULATION
3.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics.
3.1.1 Educational Qualification of Respondents
3.1.2 Educational Qualification of Husband of the Respondents
3.1.3 Occupation of the Respondents
3.1.4 Occupation of the Husband of the Respondent Respondents
3.1.5 Types of Family
3.1.6 Monthly Family Income and Expenditure
3.1.7 Source of Recreation
3.2 Demographic Characteristics
3.2.1 Age of Respondents
3.2.2 Marital Status of the Respondents
3.3.3 Hearing the Name of Dr. Muhammad Yunus
3.3.4 Knowledge about Noble Praise.
3.3.5 Having Knowledge about Branch Organization of GB and the Interest:
3.3.6 Having Knowledge about Grameen Phone and Grameen Fund
3.3.7 Having Knowledge about Education Loan of GB
3.3.8 Having Know That Prof. Muhammad Yunus Was the Chief of the GB
3.3.9 Absence of Prof. Muhammad Yunus How Effects on GB
3.3.10 Roll of Prof. Muhammad Yunus to Remove the Poverty
3.3.11 Roll of Grameen Bank to Remove the Poverty
CHAPTER 4 : COMPARATIVE STUDY
4.1 Contingency Proportion Association
4.1.1: Category of Variable
4.2 Logistic Regression Analysis
4.2.1: Category of Variable
CHAPTER 5 : NGO-MEDIA INTERACTION AND PUBLIC OPINION
CHAPTER 6 : SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Summary of the Findings
6.2 Policy Implications and Recommendation
References
Questionnaire
Research, Project, Field, Studies, NGO-Media, Interaction, Bangladesh, Perspective, Study, Rural, Areas, Kushtia, Chapainawabganj, District, Non-Governmental, Organization, Asia, Grameen, Bank, Professor, Muhammad, Yunus, Public, Opinion, Print, Media, Coverage, Socio-Economic, Condition, Demographic, Awareness-Opinion, Logistic
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