Fish Diversity of Kornahar Boro-Beel at Paba Upazila under Rajshahi District

Posted on 6th Oct 2024 12:42:32 AM Fisheries


INTRODUCTION

Fish is an important item of human food and a rich source of protein for the people of Bangladesh. The people of this country like to eat rice with fish to meet the need of protein. The fish is the next source of protein after the meat which contains all essential amino acids in about right proportion and so called as “Complete protein”. Besides this country is enriched with very considerable marine, estuaries and island water having great fisheries potential. In case of some adverse reaction is being noticed in the field of fish species of this country, fisheries sector has an important and potential contribution in the agro-based economic development, poverty elimination, employment, supplying of animal protein and earning the foreign currency.

Bangladesh is known as the land of rivers and enriched with vast water resources. The soil, water and climate of Bangladesh are unique for Fisheries. Ali (1982) informed that Bangladesh is unique in having possibly the largest inland water resources with large rivers, their tributaries, canals, streams and beels. Haque (1982) informed that the water-land ratio of this country is very high in comparison to other countries of the world. 

Rabbani (1970) stated that Bangladesh is one of the richest regions of Indo-Pak-Bangladesh sub continent in respect of fisheries potential. There are about 46,52665 ha Inland water bodies in our country (40,24,934 ha open water and 6,27,731 ha closed water). Among open water, 10,31,563 ha rivers and estuaries, 1,14,161 ha beels, 68,800 Kaptai lake and 28,10,440 ha flood plains (Jatio Mathshaw Sopthaho, 2011) in Bangladesh. 

The fisheries sector plays a very important role in countries socio-cultural and economic life, providing food, employment and foreign exchange. It contributes about 58% of animal protein to our daily diet, 3.74% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 2.70% to export earnings 22.23% to total agricultural production. About 12.5 million people are directly and indirectly involved in this sector (Jatio Mathshaw Sopthaho, 2011). 

In Bangladesh food intake in closely linked to local food production and fish intake in dependent on fisheries from the local water body. Fish has traditionally been a staple of the Bangladeshi diet. It plays a vital nutritional role especially in the diet to low income rural huseholds. If we take sufficient fish as food it is possible for us to abolish the proverty in the development of economy, society and intelligence (DoF, 2005). 

DoF (2011) reported that fish intake and demand of Bangladesh are as follows- 

· Per capita annual fish intake                    :           18.94 kg

· Annual total fish demand                         :           32.72 lakh met.

· Per capita annual fish needed                  :           20.44 kg

· Contribution to animal protein supply     :           58%

Vitamin A can prevent night blindness. Micronutrients like-iron, calcium and phosphorus etc are responsible for blood (coping with anemia) and bone reducing risks for (soteoporosis) formation. Fish, especially the small indigenous species (SIS) of Bangladesh alone could supply more nutrients in human diets (Thilsted, et al., 1997). According to FAO report 1991, fish contain 72% water, 19% protein, 8% fat, 0.5% calcium, 0.25% phosphorus and 0.1% vitamin A,B,C and D. 

In order to meet up the shortage of fish and increasing demand of protein, resulting from population growth, it is essential to increase the open water capture fish production in Bangladesh. The open water fisheries resources, such as rivers, hours beels and floodplains hold a remarkable position of our country. Soil and water of floodplains (beels) are very productive. Beels are very good natural habited of large and small indigenous fishes of different food habits (FAP 6,1993). Many of the fish and prawn species multiply in number in beels. Many other fish and prawn species move into the inundated area of beels from adjacent rivers and canals to feed and grow during monsoon month (Aktaruzzaman and Arif, 1997).

Beels are very good natural habitat of large and small indigenous species. Soil and water of floodplain (beels) are very productive. It is suitable spawning ground for carp fishes. Mainly of the fish and prawn species multiply in number in beels. 60% of known freshwater fish species in Bangladesh are floodplain dependent (Boyce, 1991). The floodplain and beels are also used as the seasonal habitat by a large number of fish, prawn, turtle, mussel and other aquatic animals and aquatic weeds. 

Bangladesh is fortunate enough having an extensive and huge water resources scattered all over the country in the form of rivers canals and beels. Bangladesh being resourceful of fish bio-diversity, there are 260 indigenous freshwater species and 475 species of marine water fishes in Bangladesh (DoF, 2011). Besides, there are about 24 economically important freshwater prawn species available in Bangladesh.

The term “Biodiversity” is used to describe the spectacular variety of life on our planet and the ways in which species are concerned to each other. Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms; the different plants, animals and microorganisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part (UNEP, 2001). Biodiversity is usually considered at three levels- 

1. Species diversity: It refers to the variety of living organisms on earth, 

2. Ecosystem diversity: It refers to the variety of habitats, biotic communities and ecological processes in the biosphere and

3. Genetic diversity: It refers to the variation of genes within species. 

Aquatic biodiversity can be defined as the variety of life and the ecosystems that make up the freshwater, tidal and marine regions of the world and their interactions. Aquatic biodiversity encompasses freshwater ecosystems, including beels, lakes, ponds and reservoirs, rivers and streams, groundwater and wetlands. Aquatic biodiversity has enormous economic and aesthetic value and is largely responsible for maintaining and supporting overall environmental health. 

Many fishermen, both part-time and full time are related in fishing activities in this beel. The main aim of this study is to figure out the present varietis of life form of different fish species of Kornahar boro-beel. However, to attain this aim, present study was carried out to fulfill the following objectives-

· To survey the fin fish resources of the Kornahar boro beel at Paba upazila in Rajshahi.

· To know about the availability of different fish. 

· To collect, identify, preserve and analysis of taxonomic characters of the fishes of the Kornahar boro-beel.

The present study has some limitation. Though it was tried hard to minimize all sorts of error and limitation but still some of those are existed and listed below-

· Study period was too short for conducting such types of research.

· Proper identification of fish.

· Dependence on fishermen and local retailer for collecting fish and related information.

· Fishermen are not available all time.

· Road communication is not good and

· Violation for fishing right among local Fishermen.

ABSTRACT

The diversity of fish fauna of Kornahar boro-beel at Paba upazila was conducted from the period of October 2011 to March 2012. Taxonomic characteristics and consultation with other related literature were done to properly identify the species. Synonyms, english name, local name, taxonomic position, general characters, habit and habitat, economic importance, status and conservation and remarks are provided from the secondary data such as- books, journals, thesis etc. About 45 fish species were collected, identified and described with photograph from study area which were belonged to 9 orders, 19 families and 31 genera. Among 45 species, single species was found in five orders viz. Osteoglossiformes, Cyprinidontiformes, Symbranchiformes, Beloniformes and Tetraodontiformes; 3 species were found in Channiformes; 17 species were found in Cypriniformes; 8 species were found in Siluriformes and 12 species were found in Perciformes. During the entire period of the study 17 threatened species were detected from the Kornaha baro-beel. Among them 8 species were endangered, 1 species (Sperata seenghala) was critically endangered and 9 species were vulnerable. Only 5 species like Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus were found as exotic fish during the study period.

 

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CONTENTS

            Acknowledgement

            Abstract

            Contents 

            List of plates

            List of figure

            List of abbreviation

CHAPTER ONE:  INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER-THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 

            3.1 Site selection

            3.2 The study period

            3.3 Information needed for the present study

            3.4 Materials

            3.5 Methods

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

            4.1 Order: Osteoglossiformes 

            4.2 Order: Channiformes 

            4.3 Order: Cypriniformes

            4.4 Order: Siluriformes

            4.5 Order: Cyprinodontiformes 

            4.6 Order: Synbranchiformes 

            4.7 Order: Perciformes 

            4.8 Order: Beloniformes 

            4.9 Order: Tetraodontiformes

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER SEVEN: REFERENCES 

Appendix

 

LIST OF PLATES

1.      Notopterus notopterus

2.      Channa orientalis

3.      Channa punctatus

4.      Channa striatus

5.      Amblypharyngodon mola

6.      Aristichthys nobilis

7.      Catla catla

8.      Cirrhinus cirrhosus

9.      Cirrhinus reba

10.  Ctenopharyngodon idella

11.  Cyprinus carpio

12.  Esomus danricus

13.  Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

14.  Lebeo bata

15.  Lebeo calbasu

16.  Lebeo rohita

17.  Puntius sophore

18.  Puntius terio

19.  Puntius ticto

20.  Salmostoma bacaila

21.  Lepidocephalichthys guntea

22.  Mystus cavasius

23.  Mystus tengara

24.  Mystus vittatus

25.  Sperata seenghala

26.  Wallago attu

27.  Clarias batrachus

28.  Clarias gariepinus

29.  Heteropneustes fossilis

30.  Aplocheilus panchax

31.  Monopterus cuchia

32.  Chanda nama

33.  Pseudambassis ranga

34.  Badis badis

35.  Oreochromis niloticus

36.  Glossogobius giuris

37.  Anabas testudineus

38.  Colisa fasciata

39.  Colisa lalia

40.  Colisa sota

41.  Macrognathus aculeatus

42.  Macrognathus pancalus

43.  Mastacembelus armatus

44.  Xenentodon cancila

45.  Tetraodon cutcutia

 

LIST OF FIGURES

1. The coloured area of Paba upazilla showing the geographical location of the study area

2. The different morphometric measurement of a fish

3. Showing the number of fish species of Kornahar boro-beel of different orders

 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A          =          Anal Fin

C          =          Caudal Fin

D          =          Dorsal Fin

D1        =          First Dorsal Fin

D2        =          Second Dorsal Fin

EN        =          Endangered

NRD     =          Not in Red Data

CR        =          Critically Endangered

NRD     =          Not in Red Data

DoF      =          Department of Fisheries

IUCN    =          International Union for the Conservation of Nature



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