Posted on 12th Oct 2024 01:51:54 AM Industrial and Production Engineering
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Injury is the common consequence of an industry. It doesn’t always deadly but sometimes makes a person unable to work properly for few times, days or sometimes for whole life. Bangladesh is a developing country. Most of the labor here is illiterate & doesn’t know about the causes of injury, that’s why the problem become severe. Labor doesn’t always have the knowledge of safety if he is not supplied with.
Industries are the main driving force of a country, but labors are the driving force of the industry. Economic condition cannot be improved without the improvement of the condition of the labor. If the labors are as an individual wealth of the organization then it will realize the importance of the safety for them. It also known that labor here is mainly poor & one family has only one earning person so if he becomes unable to go to the work for some days their condition of the family become worse. That doesn’t seem so massive if we consider only that family but if we take into account the total labor condition after their injury which causes them to leave the work for several days or for whole life. If this country has to prosper we need to focus on this matter seriously. At present Bangladesh is in a condition of industrial revolution, many companies of other countries want to invest in our industrial sector, but to have the proper development, safety aspects for the labor has to be considered seriously. Perhaps enough attention has not given on this regard because laborer is cheap here. But that should not be the case. Safety has to be one of the major considerations of an industry for proper economic growth of a country.
This thesis tried to show the classification of industrial injury, it also tried to show the injury among ages, body parts, agents of accident, different level of skilled workers.
1.2 INDUSTRIAL INJURY
An industrial injury is any disease or bodily damage resulting from working. The most usual organs are the spine, hands, the head, the lungs, eyes, skeleton, & skin [1].
An industrial injury is one which results from the nature of persons working task most commonly, when the demand of that task exceeds the persons working capacities.
1.2.1 TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL INJURY
Industrial injuries can be classified as follows,
a) Occupational injuries: It is a disease caused by the exposes to environmental factors associated with employment.
b) Disabling injuries: Is one which results in death or permanent impairment or which renders the injured person unable to work for a full day or any day after the day of injury.
Disabling injuries are four classes, as follows [2]
1) Death: Is any facility resulting from a work injury, regardless of the time intervening between injury & death.
2) Permanent total disability: Is an injury other than death which permanently or totally incapacitates an employees for following any gainful occupation or which results in loss of any one of the following in one accident: (a) both eye (b) one eye or one hand or arm or foot or leg (c) Any two of the following limb, hand, arm, foot and leg.
3) Permanent partial disability: Is an injury other than death or permanent total disability which result in the complete loss or loss of use of any part of the body, or any permanent impairment of functions at the body or past thereof, regardless of any persisting disability of the injured member of impaired body function.
4) Temporary total disability: Is any injury which does not result in death or permanent impairment but which results in one or more days of disability.
Besides there are other minor injuries which are not included in the above mentioned groups because they do not hamper a full day work.
1.2.2 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL INJURY
Injuries results from deficiencies in people, in tools and in environment. But more importantly, injuries results from interaction like an over tired young machine operator, focusing his mind at home while operating a machine. His hand may get in contact with a moving part of the machine and he is injured. Causes of industrial injuries are classified in the following manner [3]:
1) Mechanical failure
2) Defective failure
3) Electrical failure
4) Faulty design of equipment
5) Environmental condition
6) Human failure
7) Working conditions
8) Accident
Mechanical failure: It is the failure cause by breakdown of machine parts and tools which causes injuries to workers or to operator.
Defective material: This includes improper size of raw material, which can cause injuries to the workers.
Electronic failure: This includes electric short circuit, electrical sparkling, and leakage or burning of electric coil, unstable power supply etc., which causes injuries to workers or to machine operators.
Faulty design of equipment: This covers sharp edges equipment’s. Equipment/device designed without safety to workers while working. Environmental condition: This covers poor lighting, floor condition, temperature, workplace, ventilation, humidity, color, noise, etc., which can cause a great deal of injuries to the workers.
Environment condition: Sometimes working surface play a major roll for injury. Sometimes it was very oily that’s why it make slip for the workers.
Human failure: This includes age, curiosity, fatigue, indolence, worry, and anger, lack of skill, poor physical condition, and poor dressing.
Working condition: Working condition also affects the work, when a worker is allowed to work in good working conditions then his efficiency increases a lot and reduces the frequency of injuries.
Accident: An accident is another major cause of industrial injuries. An accident has been defined as “an unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events that occurs through a combination of causes. It results in physical harm to an individual, damage to property, a loss or any combination of these effects”.
1.2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY ACCORDING TO ENERGY
There is some energy which can cause injury. The energy causing injury may be [4]
1) Mechanical (e.g. an impact with an moving stationary object, such as a surface, knife or vehicle )
2) Radiant (e.g. a blinding light or a shock wave from an explosion)
3) Thermal (e.g. air or water that is too hot or too cold )
4) Electrical
5) Chemical (e.g. a poison or an intoxicating or mind altering substances such as alcohol or a drug).
1.2.4 EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology is a specialized field of medical research with its own vocabulary. Generally speaking however the terms refer to the study all the factors that interact with each other to account for the presence or absence of disease or injury. In the epidemiology of injury, as in the epidemiology of the disease, these factors can be categorized as [4]:
1) The host (i.e. is the person injured)
2) The agent (i.e. is the force or energy)
3) The vector (i.e. the person or thing that applies the force, transfer the energy or prohibits the transfer )
4) The environment (i.e. the situation or condition under which the injury happens) [4].
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY
Every year throughout the world millions of industrial accidents occur and the world is paying heavily for accidents or injuries in terms of both human suffering economic losses. Despite some progress, the question of safety at work is still a serious problem.
Every year in the United Kingdom about 1000 people are died at their work, half a million workers suffer various injuries, and 23 million working days are lost annually because of industrial injury and disease. In the united States, according to the national Safety council, the frequency rate for disabling injuries rose from a law of 5.99 for 1961 to 10.87for 1976, representing a huge increase of 81 percent. The council also estimated that injuries cost the nation US$51,100 million in lost medical expenses, and administration cost. In 1976 alone, a million productive work-years were lost through injuries at work. Today some countries (Japan, United States) regularly report over 2 million occupational accidents a year and others (France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy) over a million. Many countries, including some of the largest and most highly industrialized, still do not publish any figures, but it is fairly safe to assume that over fifteen million occupational injuries occur throughout the world every year-a staggering number when considered in terms of suffering, sorrow and waste they cause [5].
Under the above discussion it is clear that in a developing country like BANGLADESH, occupational injury is major problem which causes the economic losses in addition to the suffering of the victims.
Therefore, the interest of this study has been paid in this field and the problem is defined as to find out the attributes of occupational injury among the workers in selected industries.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the thesis were as follows:
1.5 ARRANGEMENT OF STUDY
This thesis work is organized as follows:
Chapter two presents some literature related to occupational injury and reviews some past work. In the literature review we tried to show the work about injury from different people. Chapter three represents the methodology of the study. Chapter four represents findings and results. Chapter five deals with the analysis of the study and Chapter six represents the recommendation and action plan. Chapter seven represents conclusion.
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s industry is the main driving force of a country. New industries are made and old ones are trying to enlarge their capacity. But the main fuels which run the industry are the employees, mainly the worker. Without them no industries can survive. Workers mainly classified in two types direct and indirect. Direct workers are directly related to the production. So injury is a common factor among the worker. So emphasize is given on the cause of the injury. A visit in Sugar mills and Jute mills in Rajshahi was made. As it is known an injury can permanently or partially make a man disable so making a workplace safe is the first priority. Then it comes the economic impact, in many cases when a worker is injured all the employee stop work and the total system can be shut down resulting a huge production loss, labor hour loss. It is not considerable if it happens ones, but when the total loss in a year is calculated it will be a significant loss. So the priority in this thesis was to classify the injury data & analyze them in a way which will show which part of the body is mostly affected, agent of the accident, nature of & skillness. It is also clear how a little concentration of the management on these consequences can have great impact on the total system making the industry safe for the workers.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Industrial Injury
1.2.1 Types of Industrial Injury
1.2.2 Causes of Industrial Injury
1.2.3 Classification of Injury according to Energy
1.2.4 Epidemiology
1.3 Significance of this Study
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Arrangement of Study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Related to Injuries and Safeties
CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Steps Involved in this Study
CHAPTER FOUR : DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Findings with the Tabulated Data and Graphical Representation
4.2.1 Injury frequency by Bodily Location
4.2.2 Injury frequency by Agent of Accident
4.2.3 Injury frequency by Age groups
4.2.4 Injury frequency among different level of experienced of workers
4.2.5 Injury frequency by different types of injury
CHAPTER FIVE : FINDINGS AND RESULTS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Distribution and Data Analysis
5.2.1 Findings from the frequency of injury by Bodily Location
5.2.2 Findings from the frequency of injury by Agents of Accident
5.2.3 Findings from the frequency of injury by different types of injury
5.3 Analysis of the Cause of not Using Personal Protective Equipment’s
CHAPTER SIX : RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Recommendation
6.3 Action Plans
CHAPTER SEVEN : CONCLUSION
7.1 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendices A-1
Appendices A-2
Appendices B-1
Appendices B-2
LIST OF TABLES
1. Distribution of injury frequency by bodily Location in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
2. Distribution of injury frequency by bodily Location in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
3. Distribution of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
4. Distribution of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
5. Distribution of Injury frequency by Age group in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
6. Distribution of Injury frequency by Age group in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
7. Distribution of Injury frequency of different level of experienced workers in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
8. Distribution of Injury frequency of different level of experienced workers in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
9. Distribution of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
10. Distribution of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by body parts in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
2. Pie chart of Injury frequency by body parts in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
3. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by body parts in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
4. Pie chart of Injury frequency by body parts in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
5. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
6. Pie chart of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
7. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
8. Pie chart of Injury frequency by Agent of Accident in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
9. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by Age groups in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
10. Pie chart of Injury frequency by Age groups in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
11. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by Age groups in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
12. Pie chart of Injury frequency by Age groups in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
13. Pareto chart of Injury frequency among different level of experienced workers in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
14. Pie chart of Injury frequency among different level of experienced workers in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
15. Pareto chart of Injury frequency among different level of experienced workers in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
16. Pie chart of Injury frequency among different level of experienced workers in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
17. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
18. Pie chart of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Jute Mills in Rajshahi
19. Pareto chart of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
20. Pie chart of Injury frequency by different types of Injury in Sugar Mills in Rajshahi
Thesis, Attributes, Occupational, Injury, Workers, Sugar, Jute, Mills, Industry, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Mechanical, Defective, Electrical, Human, Failure, Faulty, Design, Equipment, Environmental, Working, Conditions, Accident, IPE, Epidemiology, Significance, Bodily, Location, Distribution, Data, Analysis
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