Posted on 12th Oct 2024 08:36:14 PM Fisheries
BACKGROUND
Fisheries is an important sector of agriculture in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is blessed with vast fisheries resources due to favourable climatic condition and geographical location of the country. There are 260 indigenous freshwater species, 24 species of prawn, 36 species of marine shrimp, 475 species of marine fish and 12 exotic fishes (Jatio Matsha Sapthahow Sonkolon 2009). The abundance of fish is diminishing day by day due to increases of human population but the natural resources are not increasing at this rate. In this situation, farmers have to know how to grow fish. By gathering knowledge about the scientific method of fish culture and proper management of fisheries resources, this critical situation can be controlled.
The people of Bangladesh are taken 58% of total animal protein from fisheries sector (Jatio Matsha Sapthahow Sonkolon 2009). There is gradual potentiality of the fisheries sector through creating employment opportunity and earning foreign exchange. About 1.25 crore of people depends directly and indirectly on this sector for their livelihood. 4.04% of the total export earning and 3.74% to the GDP is contributed by fisheries sector (Jatio Matsha Sapthahow Sonkolon 2009). Per capita annual fish intake in Bangladesh is 17.23 kg whereas per capita annual fish needed is 18.0 kg and the annual fish demand is 25.90 million MT (FRSS, 2007-08). The total production from inland water body is 20.65 million MT. Here, the inland capture is 10.60 million MT and inland culture is 10.05 million MT (DOF, 2009).
Aquaculture has become a major income-generating component in integrated Rural Development Programs. It can be practiced as supplementary enterprise to crop production and animal husbandry for generating employment and income to improve the life status of the rural society. Further culturing exportable species of fish would contribute to foreign exchange earnings. All of these may help in improving the nutrition and employment and consequently an increase in income on rural households directly or indirectly. Fish contain ten essential amino acids in the desirable concentration for human begins and available at cheaper rates (Menon, 1991). At present time fish protein is said to be cholesterol free and the adults are advised to take much fish than meat.
As Bangladesh is a land of river, it really a reservoir of fisheries resources. Water area of inland fisheries includes both close (5, 28,390 ha.), and open (40, 47,316 ha.) water bodies. In close water bodies includes pond and ditches (3,05,025 ha.), Oxbow lake ( 5488 ha.),shrimp farms (2,17,877 ha.) etc. and in open water bodies includes rivers and estuaries (10,31,563 ha ),beels (1,14,161 ha ), Kaptai lake (68,800 ha ), floodplains (28,32,792 ha ) etc. (Jatio Matsha Sapthahow Sonkolon 2009 ).
By analyzing the fish production over last 10 years it has been seen that the production of inland open water body has been decreasing day by day because of over fishing due to over population, siltation, water pollution, construction of embankment, utilization of harmful gear, capturing brood fish and fry etc. On the other hand, the production in closed water body has been increasing though it still not fulfills the demand. It should be take care on decision and planning for getting expected production from culture fisheries through advance scientific technology development and dissemination.
In Bangladesh, there are many ponds and ditches, which are considered very important in aquaculture production. To improve the production of these resources, scientific aquaculture practice is essential. For this, there are needed appropriate aquaculture management techniques and, more specific and region based aquaculture technology. But in our country, pond operators managed their pond according to traditional system that is not scientific. Furthermore, unfavorable water condition, social problems, lack of available input etc. are found as vital problems in rural aquaculture.
New production technologies are continuously being developed but it is impossible to improve the existing aquaculture practices by the technology development only. The intensive culture system is very costly for the people. So, low cost and easily available inputs are needed to develop the aquaculture practices. System approach should be addressed in education and research process so that we can find the need or problem of farmers and thereby suggest for appropriate aquaculture technology. Thus, the Department of Fisheries has provided scope to the student of B.Sc. Fisheries (Honour’s) Part-3 to gather practical experience on aquaculture practiced as a routine task.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on Aquaculture Practice Experience (APE) in Tatarpur village of Puthia upazila under Rajshahi district for a period of 5 months from February 2010 to June 2010 with a view to share the experience about aquaculture practice with the farmer and will exchange ideas with them regarding modern technologies in fish farming. In this study, culture practices, production, cost & benefit of the study pond during the study period were observed. The farmer of the study pond was practiced carp poly-culture through the semi-intensive system. Different types of physical, chemical and biological factors of the study pond were observed as water quality parameters during study period. Physical parameter such as pond area was 90 dec., pond depth 2 meter, water color greenish brown, soil type clay-loamy, water transparency 31-34cm, air temperature 30-33°C and water temperature 22-34°C. The chemical factor such as dissolve oxygen was 5-5.5 mg/l, free carbon-de-oxide 4-6 mg/l, and pH 6.5-7.5. Six genera of zooplankton, 5 genera of phytoplankton and 5 types of aquatic weeds were found as biological factors. The farmer took management practices in the pre-stocking, stoking, and post-stocking stages. During the pre-stoking the farmer was a controlled unwanted fish by applying phostoxin and aquatic weeds by manually. Then, he applied lime and fertilizer to enhance the productivity of pond. The application rate of these inputs was not scientific though it was somewhat similar to the recommendation of DoF. Six fish species including three native and three exotic fishes were cultured in the pond. The farmer stocked fishes according to the water layer. Generally, large sized fish fry (10g. to 16g.) were stoked. The farmer used lime in post-stocking management stage with irregular basis generally once in a month. The farmer also used fertilizer as weekly basis and used feed as fortnightly basis. But the application rate is not always maintained accurately as scientific recommendation. Farmer also monitored the pond to observe fish movement, mortality and the water quality. The average fish production of the culture pond was estimated 1250kg/acre during 6 months culture period. The C.B.R (cost-benefit ratio) of this pond was computed as 1:0.71Tk. That means 0.71Tk came from 1Tk. investment. In spite of some technological and social problems, now-a-days farmers are more or less interested to scientific fish culture for getting increased production and benefit.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Contents
List of tables
List of plates
List of figure
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND
CHAPTER TWO: OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Study area
3.2. Selection of pond
3.3. Information needed for the study pond
3.4. Pond management
3.4.1 Pre Stocking management
3.4.2 Stocking management
3.4.3 Post stocking management
3.5. Water quality
3.6. Production
3.7. Cost-benefit analysis
3.8. Methods
3.9.Materials used
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
4.1. Pre stocking management
4.2. Stocking management
4.3. Post stocking management
4.4. Water quality
4.5. Production
4.6. Cost-benefit analysis
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
References
LIST OF TABLES
1. Present status of the study pond
2. Information about the study pond.
3. The fertilizer used, their application rate and method in the study pond.
4. The name, major niche and type or origin of the fish species cultured in the study pond.
5. The stocking density of the cultured species in the study pond.
6. Fertilizer type, their rate and application method during post stocking management in the study pond.
7. The application of supplementary feeds.
8. The harvesting procedure and its purposes in the study pond.
9. The production of different fishes in the study pond.
10. The analysis of cost-benefit in the study pond (cost).
11. The analysis of cost-benefit in the study pond (benefit).
12. The monthly variation at physico-chemical parameters in the studied pond.
13. Qualitative study of plankton in the study pond.
14. List of aquatic weeds found in the study pond.
LIST OF PLATES
1. Map of Puthia Upazila including the study area.
2. Partial view of the study pond.
3. Control of aquatic weeds.
4. Liming in the study pond.
5. Fertilizing in the study pond.
6. Observation of natural food
7. Releasing of fry in the pond.
8. Application of supplementary feeds.
9. Final harvesting of fish.
10. Marketing of harvested fish.
11. Showing the planktons found in the study pond.
12. Aquatic weeds found in the study pond.
13. Culturable fish species in the study pond
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Showing the monthly variation of physical parameter
2. Showing the monthly variation of chemical parameters
REFERENCE
DOF 2009. Jatio Matsha Sapthahow Sonkolon 2009 (in Bangla). ). Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
DOF. 2007. Dshio Projatir Matshow Sangrakkhan O Samprasaran Ovijan 2007 (in Bangla). Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 95.pp
DOF. 2005. Fish Fortnight Souvoneir 2005. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 152. pp.
FAO. 2007. Management for freshwater fish culture ponds and water practice. 144. pp.
Pillay, T. V. R. 1990. Aquaculture Principles and Practices. 1st ed. British Library. 526. pp.
Jhingran, V. G. 1983. Fish and Fisheries of India (corrected report revised and enlarged 2nd edition) Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India), Delhi. 127. pp.
BBS. 2003. Report of the household income and expenditure survey, 2000. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 474. pp.
Boyd, C. E. 1982. Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier Sci. Publishers B.V., 1000 A.H. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York. 318. pp.
FRSS. 2007. Fishery statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2006-2007. Fisheries Resources Survey System (FRSS), Department of Fisheries, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 42. pp.
Hossain, M. A., Afsana, K. and Shah, A. K. M. A. 1999. Nutritional value of some small indigenous fish species (SIS) of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 3(1): 77-85.
Islam, M. A. 1998. The effect of the characteristics of soil and water in pond management (in Bangla). Matshow Saptaho Sonkolon, 98. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh. pp. 25-30.
Swingle, H. S. 1969. Standardization of chemical analysis for waters and pond muds. FAO Fish Rep. 4(4): 397-421.
Wetzel, R. G. 1983. Limnology. 3rd ed. Saunders (publ.). Philadelphia. 860. pp.
Case, Study, Aquaculture, Practice, Experience, Tatarpur, Village, Puthia, Upazila, Rajshahi, District, Stocking, Management, Farmer, Modern, Technologies, Fish, Farming, Culture, Practices, Production, Cost, Benefit, Pond, Fisheries, Important, Sector, Agriculture, Bangladesh
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