Analysis of Marketing System and Socio-Economic Conditions of Fish Traders of Parbatipur Upazila in Dinajpur District

Posted on 11th Oct 2024 10:29:18 AM Fisheries


INTRODUCTION

Bangladesh is a developing country of Southeast Asia .It lies in the northeastern part of south-Asia within 20°34¢ to 26°38¢ North latitude and 88°01¢ to 92°41¢ East longitudes. The country is surrounded by India on the west, the north and the northwest and Myanmar on the southeast and the Bay of Bengal on the south. The total area of the country is about 1,47,570 sq.km. (56,977sq. miles). Except the hilly regions in the northeast southeast, some high land areas in the north and northwest parts, the basic characteristics of the land of the country are low, flat and fertile.

Bangladesh is a riverine country. It has an extensive network of water bodies comprising large and small rivers, ponds, haors, baors, floodplains and beels. Several greatest river such as the Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna, the Bhramaoutra, the Gomti, the Karnaphuli, the Teesta, the Surma and their tributaries are about 230 number with a total  length of about 24,140Km covering the country flow down to the Bay of Bengal. It has 13 lakhs pond, ditches that have an area of 3,05,025 ha, 24,000 km long rivers which have an area of 1,031,563 ha. Beside this, 11,000 beel at 1,14,161 ha area, 5,488 ha baor, 68,800 ha kaptai lake and 28,32,792ha of floodplains are also containing (DoF, 2010). Once there were fish in everywhere of these water body. So, that time peoples fulfill their demand from the available source of fishes. But at present, the quantity of fish is decreasing and the population of our country is increasing For this reason proper fish marketing system should be developed to meet the demand, employ people and to meet the producers, traders and consumers interest. In Bangladesh the inlands waters are inhibited by 260 indigenous species and 12 exotic species of fish and 24 species of prawn. The marine water of Bay of Bengal is blessed with about 475 species of finfishes and 36 species of shrimp (DoF, 2005). From them a total of 50 commercially important fish species have been identified in the freshwater of Bangladesh. As for marine water, 40 commercially important fish species have so far been recorded, but there are about 12 economically important shrimp and prawn species available in Bangladesh. Besides, Bangladesh has also imported 8 high yielding variety (HYV) species of fish from abroad (Islam, 2002). It is the main protein source in the diet of Bangladeshi people, which supplements 58% of total animal protein (DoF, 2009). Fish protein contains all the essential amino acid such as lysine, arginine, histidine, leusine, iso-leusine, valine, phenylalanine and tryptophane. The most important omega-3 fatty acid is also found in fishes.

Fisheries sector plays an important role contributing 3.74% in GDP and   22.23% of total agricultural production (DoF, 2010).Where in 2008-09, the total fish production of Bangladesh was 27,01,370 metric ton from marine and fresh water (DoF, 2010).

At present per capita annual fish intake is 17.52kg but per capita annual fish demand is 20.44 kg. Our annual total fish demand is 29.74lakh metric ton (DoF, 2010). To fulfill our demand greater emphasis should be given in both fish production and proper marketing of culture and capture fisheries in Bangladesh.

 In earlier days the term marketing of fish mean, buying and selling of fish  at the landing centre. After the Second World War, the concept and functions of fish marketing have taken a new role in business activities. The modern fish marketing system lays emphasis in meeting the existing demands for fish, besides tapping the potential demand in the important market.

Fish has particular feature of its own and gives a big strain and stress on the method of its marketing. A progressive fish marketing system will also provide remunerate price to the primary producer through the interest to the consumers is also protected. Fish consumers are ultimately depend on an effective fish marketing system, through which fishes will be available to them within a short period before decomposition of fishes.

The fish marketing should not have the object only catching and selling of fish but the fish marketing should have the wide scope for exploitation, production, distribution, preservation and transportation of fish in addition to actual sale offish by reducing middlemen (Agarwal, 1990).

Government of Bangladesh and NGOs are working in fisheries sector have taken several steps and programmes to increase fish production. But very few steps have been taken by any organization, either government or NGOs to improve the fish marketing system which is an essential part of fisheries. Fish marketing in Bangladesh however exclusively a function of the private sector where the livelihoods of a greater number of people depends upon marketing systems. However, the serious marketing difficulties seem to occur in remote communities because of lack of transport, ice and poor road facilities and where the farmers are in particularly weak position in relation to intermediaries (DFID, 1997).

According to Thompson (1993), the middlemen in the fisheries sector, have established a new marketing chain, based on the extreme exploitation of this fish farming communities, by setting up an artificial pricing chain through intermediaries at different levels. As a result farmers have poor knowledge on pricing policy. Therefore, it is important to know the existing fish marketing system.

To develop fisheries sector, proper emphasis on fish marketing system should be given. Without developing fish marketing system, fisheries sector will not develop up to a satisfactory level. Fish production can be increased through scientific method but without good marketing system it will ultimately be fruitless. So proper emphasis should be given to improve the existing fish marketing system as both are interrelated and closely associated with each other.

The aim of this study is to identify marketing inefficiencies and how its impact on the livelihoods of the different people, involved in fish production, distribution and marketing system. To achieve this aim, the specific objectives of this study are as follows-

· To observe the existing marketing facilities.

· To identify existing problems in fish markets.

· To attain knowledge about the infra-structure of the fish market.

· To identify the selling patterns at fish markets.

· To know the share of producers and intermediaries.

· To observed the existing condition of storage and preservation facilities of local fish market.

· To make an assessment of socio-economic condition of the fish traders . 

· To know the levels of marketing channel. 

 

ABSTRACT

The present study was concerned with the fish marketing system of Parbatipur upazila in Dinajpur district. It was conducted for a period of six months from December 2010 to May 2011 in three selected fish markets of Parbatipur upazila. In the surveyed area, the marketing chain from farmers to consumers was passed through a number of intermediaries such as local paikers, aratdars, wholesalers and retailers. Four types of marketing channel were identified in the study area. The commission agents (aratdars) usually earn about 3-4 % commissions from the farmers or suppliers for their services. In Parbatipur upazila the average marketing cost of retailers 3.69tk/kg. The Net marketing margin of retailer and wholesaler for Indian major carp and Exotic carp are consequently 8.42 Tk/kg and 19.17Tk/kg. In Parbatipur upazila producer and traders share for Indian major carps 63.42%, 36.57% and for exotic carps 55.72%, 44.28% and for catfish 69.79%, 30.21%. Most of the retailers received loans for fish trading from aratdars without paying any interest, while retailers were used their own money. Maximum fishes (70%) were supplied from local area and few amounts of fishes (30%) were come from outside (other parts of Bangladesh, India and Myanmar). There were generally seasonal variations in prices with the highest in summer (March to May), the lowest in winter (December to January). A number of constraints for fish marketing were reported by fish traders such as, poor transport facilities, insufficient ice supply, exploitation by middleman, poor water supply, poor sanitary facilities, absence of electricity supply, inadequate drainage system as well as poor infrastructure. Most of the retailers (86.67%) have improved their socio-economic conditions through fish trading in the study area. In the study area, 42.2% retailers were in the age group of 21-40 years. The average family size of traders was 5.8 and around half of the retailer’s belonged Joint family in the study area. In the study area, 42.2% retailers were illiterate, but none of them found S.S.C. level or above. Most of the retailers were Muslims (75.55%), while remainders were Hindus and Christian. Around 69% retailers had kacha housing structure. Most of the trader's households (77.8%) were taking health service from village doctors.

 

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CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Plate

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Fish Market and Marketing System

Economics of Fish Marketing

Social Aspects of Fish Marketing

Problems of Fish Marketing

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials used

Methods

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND OBSERVATION

Fish market and its marketing system

Infrastructure Facilities of Fish Markets

Fish Distribution and Marketing System

Activities of the surveyed fish markets (Functional structure)

Supply of fish

Amount of Fish Sold

Grading of fish

Selling and buying of fish

Preservation of fish

Supply of ice

Transportation vehicles

Packing and containers of fish market

Pricing system of fish of studied markets

Price of fish in case of in season

Price of fish in case of off season

Marketing Cost & marketing Margin

Constraints of Fish Marketing

Socio-economic conditions of fish traders

Age structure

Family type and size

Education

Religious status

Housing Conditions

Drinking water facilities

Health facilities

Retailer's history in fish trading

Improvement of socio-economic condition of fish traders

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION

CHAPTER SIX:  SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER SEVEN: REFERENCES

Appendix

 

LIST OF TABLES

1. Comparative study of infrastructure facilities of three visited fish market

2. Availability of fish species and fisheries item in three fish markets

3. Calculation of average marketing cost (Tk / Kg) of different fish species incurred by different intermediaries

4. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment of Indian Major carp (Natun bazar) 

5. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment for exotic carps (Natun bazar)

6. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment for catfish (Natun bazar)

7. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries share in consumer’s payment of Indian Major carp (Puratun bazar) 

8. Calculation of Marketing margin and intermediaries’ share in consumer’s payment for Exotic fish (Puratun bazar)

9. Calculation of Marketing margin and intermediaries’ share in consumer’s payment for catfish (Puratun bazar)

10. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment of Indian Major carp (Ambari bazar)

11. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment for exotic carps (Ambari bazar)

12. Calculation of marketing margin and intermediaries' share in consumer's payment for catfish (Ambari bazar)

13. Age group distribution of fish traders 

14. Family type and size of fish traders  

15. Distribution of fish trader's educational level 

16. Religious status of fish traders

17. Distribution of fish trader's housing condition

18. Use of drinking water by fish traders

19. Health service used by fish traders

20. Duration of years in fish trading

21. Retailers involvement in different types of work before fish trading

22. Improvement of socio-economic conditions through fish trading

 

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Methodology followed for the study

2. Location of three different surveyed fish market in Parbatipur upizila.

3. Steps of data collection methods

4. Diagram of the infrastructure of Natun bazar fish market

5. Diagram of the infrastructure of Ambaria bazar fish market

6. Diagram of the infrastructure of Puratun bazar fish market

7. Common fish marketing chain from farmers to consumers in the three studied market (Based on survey)

8. Showing the flowchart of marketing channel of Indian major carp in the surveyed fish markets 

9. Showing the flowchart of marketing channel of Catfishes in the surveyed fish markets

10. Showing the flowchart of marketing channel of SIS in the surveyed fish markets    

11. Showing the average retail price of available fish groups in season and off season of Natun bazar fish market

12. Showing the average retail price of available fish groups in season and off season of Puratun bazar fish market

13. Showing the average retail price of available fish groups in season and off season of Ambari fish market

14. Showing the average cost of retailers in three surveyed fish market

15. Showing net marketing margin of retailers for Indian major carp, exotic carps and catfish in three surveyed fish market

16. Showing net marketing margin of other traders for Indian major carp, exotic carps and catfish in three surveyed fish market

17. Showing the producer share for Indian major carp, exotic carp and catfish in three surveyed fish market

18. Showing the traders share for Indian major carp, exotic carp and catfish in three surveyed fish market

 

LIST OF PLATES

1. Shows the infrastructure of Natun Bazar fish market

2. Shows the infrastructure of Puratun Bazar fish market

3. Shows the infrastructure of Ambari Bazar fish market

4. Landing of fish in different fish market

5. Grading of fish according to size and species of fishes

6. Shows the Aratdars in fish market

7. Shows the consumer and retailer

8. Selling of fish via auctioning process

9. Preservation of fish

10. Transportation of Ice

11. Showing fish transportation system in the surveyed fish market.

12. Different types of metal containers in the surveyed fish market

13. Different types of non-metal containers in the surveyed fish market

14. Shows the drainage system in Ambri fish market

15. Shows the drainage system in Natun bazar fish market

16. Shows the drainage system in Puratun bazar fish market

17. Shows the water supply in Natun bazar fish market

18. Shows the uhygienic condition in Natun bazar fish market

19. Shows the uhygienic condition in Puratun bazar fish market



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